S&P 500 · Strategy Tracker
S&P 1
Total return
 
Per year (CAGR)
 

Own one stock: the biggest company in the S&P 500. Check every three months. If a different company has been on top for two checks in a row, sell what you hold and buy that one. Otherwise do nothing — which is what almost every check comes to. Every figure below assumes you put in $10,000 at the start and reinvested the dividends.

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Roth IRA S&P 500
Roth IRA
S&P 500
Holding
Roth IRA account
S&P 500
Rotation
The Throne —
How to run it
The Whole Strategy
STEP 1
Every 3 months, check the #1 company
Compare today's #1 company in the S&P 500 with the #1 company from the previous quarter. You are looking this up, not working it out.
STEP 2
Same #1? Do nothing. New #1? Wait
A new company at the top does not move your money. Keep what you hold, write the new name down, and check again in three months.
STEP 3
Still #1 three months later? Switch
If the new company is #1 at two consecutive quarterly checks, sell what you hold and put 100% into it.
Same #1
HOLD
New #1
WAIT
Still #1
SWITCH
Falls from #1
HOLD
Worked example — five quarterly checks
CheckWho is #1ActionWhy
Q1AppleHOLDApple was #1 last quarter too. Nothing to do.
Q2MicrosoftWAITNew name at the top. You still own Apple. One quarter is not enough.
Q3MicrosoftSWITCHTwo checks in a row. Sell Apple, put everything into Microsoft.
Q4AmazonWAITNew name again. You still own Microsoft.
Q5MicrosoftHOLDAmazon did not stay #1, so it never earned the switch. You still own Microsoft — and you never traded on its one good quarter.
Q4 and Q5 are the whole point. Amazon spent a quarter at the top and you did nothing — no sale, no purchase, no tax event, no cost. On this record that patience is worth more than every other part of the strategy combined.
Real money
Someone Actually Doing This

Everything above this line is a reconstruction — what the rule would have returned, worked out afterwards from historical prices. This part is not. It is one real Roth IRA, following the rule forward from the day it was opened, priced at the last close on record. It will look nothing like the twenty-year figures for a long time, and that is the honest version of what starting today looks like.

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Interactive Simulator
What If You Started Then?
Pick any three-month period since 2006 and see what $10,000 would have become if you had started then and followed the four rules.
Roth IRA account
S&P 500
Switched company
Roth IRA account
S&P 500
How long
Every quarter, check who holds the #1 spot in the S&P 500. If a new company has held it for two quarters running, sell everything and buy that one. Otherwise, hold.

Why it might work

Momentum at scaleThe most valuable company is usually mid-cycle in the dominant technology era of its time. Owning it is a bet that leadership persists.
Forced disciplineThe rule is mechanical. You hold until the market says otherwise — no forecasts, no judgement calls, nothing to second-guess.
Concentration cuts both waysDiversification caps the upside. One company compounding faster than the average will beat the index — if you are holding the right one.

What the record actually shows

When you switch matters more than what you switch intoRotating the instant the top spot changed — the obvious version of this idea — turned $10,000 into through , worse than doing nothing at all and holding the index. Waiting for the new leader to hold the spot twice turned the same $10,000 into . Identical companies, identical data. Only the timing of the switch is different.
Four bad switches cost more than everything else combinedThe impatient version made twelve switches. Four of them were round trips — buy a company, sell it again a quarter or two later, buy back the one you just sold. Each one sold what had just fallen to buy what had just risen. Together those four cost 53% of the final value. Waiting one quarter removes all four.
Concentration riskYou own exactly one stock. A single scandal or earnings miss hits the whole portfolio, with nothing to cushion it. The worst stretch on this record lost 44% of the account.

Not investment advice. Sandpone is a public record of a mechanical rule set, published for discussion and curiosity. Nothing here is a recommendation to buy or sell any security.

Backtested, not traded — except where it says otherwise. The twenty-year record, the chart, the simulator and every headline figure are reconstructed from historical data with the benefit of hindsight about which company held the top spot. No money was invested on those terms. The only exception is the "Real money" section, which is one actual Roth IRA opened after this site existed and priced from daily closes; it is labelled as such and its result should not be read as the strategy's twenty-year record. Backtested returns are pre-tax and ignore commissions, spreads, and the capital gains due on every switch outside a sheltered account.

Provenance. Prices and dividends from Yahoo Finance; inflation from BLS series CUUR0000SA0; share counts for the leaderboard from SEC XBRL, which begins in 2009. Every figure is computed by ingest.py and leaderboard.py in the project repository and stored as fetched — the page renders those records and calculates nothing of its own. Nothing here is interpolated: a missing input renders as a gap.

What "#1" means here. The biggest company in the S&P 500, as the index itself ranks them — by float-adjusted market value, meaning only the shares the public can actually buy. That number is not an opinion: it is read from the holdings file of iShares IVV, the fund that tracks the index, at each quarter end. Every switch on this page was confirmed at both of the two quarter ends that triggered it, and both are re-checkable with index_leader.py in the project repository.

Why the record starts in September 2006. That is the earliest holdings snapshot BlackRock publishes for IVV. It is a floor imposed by the data, not a start date chosen for how the numbers look. Two quarters (2017 Q1 and Q2) have no snapshot at all; Apple led both neighbouring quarters by a wide margin, and a missing quarter can never count toward a confirmation, so the gap cannot hide a switch.

The two-quarter rule was chosen with hindsight. It was tested against eleven alternatives on this same twenty-year record and beat rotating-on-the-instant from all 58 possible starting quarters. But those 58 runs overlap and share a single market history, and the advantage rests largely on four bad switches avoided. That is evidence, not proof. The full comparison is backtest.py in the repository; run it and disagree.

Leaderboard coverage. The standings table ranks by full market cap within a fixed candidate list of large-cap index members, not all 500. Companies whose share count cannot be resolved from unsegmented SEC XBRL — some multi-class issuers report only one class — are excluded outright rather than ranked on a partial count.

What the short forms mean
S&P 500
Standard & Poor's 500. A list of about 500 of the largest public companies in the United States, used as shorthand for "the US stock market".
S&P 1
The name of this strategy. Instead of owning all 500 companies, you own only the single most valuable one.
Market cap
Short for market capitalisation: what a whole company is worth, worked out as its share price times the number of shares that exist.
Roth IRA
Individual Retirement Arrangement. A US retirement account where your investments grow without being taxed, so nothing is deducted when you buy and sell inside it.
Taxable account
An ordinary investment account. Selling at a profit creates a tax bill, which is why this line ends up lower than the Roth IRA line.
Dividend
A cash payment some companies make to shareholders. Here they are always treated as being used to buy more shares.
Total return
Everything you made: the change in share price plus dividends, not just the price.
Quarter (Q1–Q4)
A three-month block of the year. Q1 is January to March, Q2 April to June, Q3 July to September, Q4 October to December.
CAGR
Compound annual growth rate. The single yearly rate that, compounded, turns the starting amount into the ending amount — the fair way to compare periods of different lengths. A 25-year gain of 8.8% a year is not the same as 8.8% once.
QTD
Quarters to date — every three-month period completed so far this year. It ends at the last quarter end, not today, because this strategy is only ever checked at quarter ends.
CPI
Consumer Price Index. The standard measure of how much prices have risen, used here to express older dollars in today's terms.
BLS
Bureau of Labor Statistics. The US government agency that publishes the CPI.
SEC
Securities and Exchange Commission. The US regulator that public companies file their financial reports with.
XBRL
The machine-readable format those SEC filings use, which is how the share counts on this page are collected.
Ticker
The short code a company's stock trades under — NVDA is NVIDIA, AAPL is Apple.
Rotation
The moment a new company becomes the most valuable, so this strategy sells what it owns and buys the new leader.